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Australia will recognize a Palestinian state, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said Monday, joining the leaders of France, Britain and Canada in signaling they would do so.
His remarks followed weeks of urging from within his Cabinet and from many in Australia to recognize a Palestinian state and amid growing criticism from officials in his government over suffering in Gaza, which Albanese on Monday referred to as a "humanitarian catastrophe."
Australia's government has also criticized plans announced in recent days by Israeli leader Benjamin Netanyahu for a .
Netanyahu on Sunday defended the offensive — which is more sweeping than previously announced — declaring in the face of growing condemnation at home and abroad that Israel "has no choice but to finish the job and complete the defeat of Hamas."
Netanyahu said the security Cabinet last week instructed the dismantling of Hamas strongholds not only in Gaza City but also in the "central camps" and Muwasi. A source familiar with the operation, who spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to talk to the media, confirmed to The Associated Press that Israel plans it in both areas.
The camps — sheltering well over a half-million displaced people, according to the U.N. — had not been part of Israel's earlier announcement. It was not clear why, though Netanyahu faced criticism this weekend within his ruling coalition that targeting Gaza City was not enough. Netanyahu said there would be "safe zones," but such designated areas have been bombed in the past.
Albanese told reporters after a Cabinet meeting Monday that Australia's decision to recognize a Palestinian state will be formalized at the United Nations General Assembly in September. The acknowledgement was "predicated on commitments Australia has received from the Palestinian Authority," Albanese said.
Those commitments included no role for Hamas in a Palestinian government, demilitarization of Gaza and the holding of elections, he said.
"A two-state solution is humanity's best hope to break the cycle of violence in the Middle East and to bring an end to the conflict, suffering and starvation in Gaza," Albanese said.
" has gone beyond the world's worst fears," he said. "The Israeli government continues to defy international law and deny sufficient aid, food and water to desperate people, including children."
"Until Israeli and Palestinian statehood is permanent, peace can only be temporary," he said. "Australia will recognize the right of the Palestinian people to a state of their own. We will work with the international community to make this right a reality."
The Israel-Hamas war, raging in Gaza since the Palestinian militant group's attack on Israel Oct. 7, 2023, has revived global momentum toward a Palestinian state. Ahead of Albanese's announcement, Netanyahu on Sunday criticized Australia and other European countries that have moved in that direction.
"To have European countries and Australia march into that rabbit hole ... this canard, is disappointing and I think it's actually shameful," the Israeli leader said.
Australia has designated Hamas a terrorist entity and Albanese repeated Monday his government's calls for the group to return Israeli hostages held since the Oct. 7 attack.
The Australian leader last week spoke to Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, whose authority administers parts of the occupied West Bank, supports a two-state solution and cooperates with Israel on security matters. Abbas has agreed to conditions with Western leaders, including Albanese, as they prepared to recognize a Palestinian state.
"This is an opportunity to deliver self-determination for the people of Palestine in a way isolates Hamas, disarms it and drives it out of the region once and for all," Albanese said. He added that Hamas did not support a two-state solution.
Nearly 150 of the 193 members of the United Nations have already recognized Palestinian statehood, most of them decades ago. The United States and other Western powers have held off, saying Palestinian statehood should be part of a final agreement resolving the decades-old Middle East conflict.
Recognition announcements are largely symbolic and are rejected by Israel.
A two-state solution would see a state of Palestine created alongside Israel in most or all of the occupied West Bank, the war-ravaged Gaza Strip and annexed east Jerusalem, territories Israel seized in the 1967 Mideast war that the Palestinians want for their state.
Albanese dismissed suggestions Monday that the move was solely symbolic.
"This is a practical contribution towards building momentum," he said. "This is not Australia acting alone."
Albanese had discussed Australia's decision with the leaders of Britain, France, New Zealand and Japan, he said. He also had a "long discussion" with Netanyahu this month, he added.
In neighboring New Zealand, Foreign Minister Winston Peters said Monday his government "will carefully weigh up its position" on recognizing a Palestinian state before making a formal decision in September.
"New Zealand has been clear for some time that our recognition of a Palestinian state is a matter of when, not if," Peters said in a statement.
After Albanese's announcement Monday, Israel's envoy to Australia said the move undermined Israel's security.
"By recognizing a Palestinian state now, Australia elevates the position of Hamas, a group it acknowledges as a terrorist organization," Amir Maimon posted to X.
"This commitment removes any incentive or diplomatic pressure for the Palestinians to do the things that have always stood in the way of ending the conflict," spokesperson for the Executive Council of the Australian Jewry Alex Ryvchin said in a statement.
Meanwhile, President of the Australia Palestine Advocacy Network Nasser Mashni decried Albanese's recognition as too late and "completely meaningless" while the country continues to trade with Israel.
He told reporters in Melbourne on Monday that the move would do nothing to end the "ongoing genocide in Gaza which has been live streamed for the entire world for two years."
